Use of GLP-1 Medications in Teens: Benefits, Risks, and Considerations
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, such as semaglutide (Wegovy, Ozempic) and liraglutide (Saxenda), have gained attention for their role in weight management and diabetes treatment. These medications work by regulating appetite, slowing digestion, and improving insulin sensitivity. While they have been widely used in adults, their use in adolescents is a growing area of research and debate.
What Are GLP-1 Medications?
· GLP-1 receptor agonists mimic a hormone that:
o Reduces appetite by acting on the brain’s hunger centers
o Slows stomach emptying, making individuals feel full longer
o Regulates blood sugar levels by increasing insulin secretion
o These medications are FDA-approved for type 2 diabetes (Ozempic) and obesity (Wegovy, Saxenda) in adults, and some are approved for use in adolescents with obesity.
GLP-1 Use in Teens: Approved Indications
· Obesity Treatment:
o Liraglutide (Saxenda) was approved by the FDA for adolescents (ages 12-17) with obesity in 2020
o Semaglutide (Wegovy) was FDA-approved for teens aged 12+ with obesity in 2022
· Type 2 Diabetes Management:
o Some GLP-1 medications, like liraglutide and semaglutide, are approved for treating adolescents with type 2 diabetes.
Potential Benefits for Teens
· Effective for Weight Loss
o Clinical trials show significant weight reduction in teens with obesity
o In a 2022 study, teens on semaglutide (Wegovy) lost an average of 15% of their body weight compared to 3% in the placebo group
· Improves Blood Sugar Control
o Helps manage type 2 diabetes by lowering A1C levels and improving insulin sensitivity
· Reduces Risk of Obesity-Related Conditions
o May help prevent future health complications like heart disease, fatty liver disease, and high cholesterol
Risks and Side Effects
· Common Side Effects:
o Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation
o Loss of appetite (can be extreme in some cases)
o Fatigue or dizziness
· Serious Risks:
o Gastrointestinal issues: Severe nausea or stomach pain
o Gallbladder problems: Increased risk of gallstones
o Pancreatitis: Rare but serious inflammation of the pancreas
o Mental health concerns: Some reports of increased suicidal thoughts
§ requires monitoring
o *Long-term safety in teens is still being studied
Key Considerations Before Starting GLP-1 in Teens
· Should Not Be a First-Line Treatment
o Lifestyle changes (nutrition, exercise, behavioral therapy) should be the first approach before medication
o GLP-1 medications may be considered for severe obesity or type 2 diabetes when other interventions haven’t worked
· Requires Medical Supervision
o Regular follow-ups are needed to monitor side effects, weight loss, and metabolic health
o Parents and doctors should watch for mental health changes
· Not Recommended for Everyone
o Not for teens with eating disorders or body image concerns due to appetite suppression effects
o Not for those with a history of pancreatitis, thyroid cancer risk, or severe GI disorders
Ethical and Psychological Concerns
· Impact on Body Image & Mental Health
o Could reinforce diet culture and weight stigma among teens
o Potential risk of disordered eating behaviors
· Cost and Accessibility
o GLP-1 medications can be expensive and insurance coverage varies
· Long-Term Effects Unknown
o Studies on long-term safety, impact on growth, and psychological effects in adolescents are still ongoing
Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes and should not replace professional medical advice. If you or someone you know is in crisis or needs immediate help, please contact a healthcare professional or crisis intervention service immediately.
